Feb 10, 2017 ion exchange is an equilibrium process. The breakthrough curves for an ion exchange column. Optimizing cation to anion resin ratio in mixedbed ion. Using the average breakthrough capacity from the experiments a design was made for four ion exchange vessels with each a capacity of 120m3h, a bed height of 2m, and surface loading of 99mh, and empty bed contact time ebct of 1. Nov 28, 2017 ion exchange is a reversible chemical reaction where dissolved ions are removed from solution and replaced with other ions of the same or similar electrical charge. Mbd10 utilizes a dark colored cation resin and a light colored anion resin and is designed to produce very high water quality and to separate easily for regeneration. Application guide water softening basics ion exchange resin. Know about cation exchange capacity and the factors affecting it. Feb 25, 2017 know about cation exchange capacity and the factors affecting it. Additional factors can contribute to reduced throughput, which are not accounted for in this tool. So far, some researchers have conducted studies on the determination of resin exchange performance, but many users have been adopting the manual methods47 to determine the exchangeresin performance. Although high regenerant levels result in increased capacity and lower ionic leakages, the chemical efficiency of the system becomes worse. If the resin volume is unknown, table one can be used to crossreference the tank circumference and height to the resin volume. Water softeners are ion exchange systems designed to remove scaleforming calcium and magnesium ions prior to boiler, cooling, and reverse osmosis systems.
Standard test methods for physical and chemical properties of. The ion exchange resin manufacturers publish performance data allowing users to calculate the operating capacity of their resins under the most. The methods used for measurement of the ionexchange capacity vary by the reported studies. Synthetic polymers are the mostly used ion exchange resins in water treatment. Ion exchange resins have a limited number of exchange site available, and the total solid phase concentration q0is termed ion exchange capacity. Continuous ion exchange processes take place in a column or vessel containing a deep bed of ion exchange resin beads. Determination of anionexchange resin performance based.
Ion exchange resins are used to demineralize water and to separate mixtures of ions. At what point is the cost of new ion exchange resin lower than the cost of excess regenerant chemicals. A synthetic zeolite resin will be packed in shells with diameter of 5 ft. The first column, which consists of three resin layers ag50w. Ion exchange processes can be conducted in continuous or batch mode, with most water treatment ix processes run in a continuous mode. For cation exchange resins, q0is in the range of 200 to 500 meq100mg of resin. The ion exchange capacity of fresh biochar varied widely ranging from a cec of 250 to an anion exchange capacity aec of 120 cmol c kg. Optimizing cation to anion resin ratio in mixedbed ion exchange. In ion exchange processes, we define not only the quantitative capacity of the resin as total capacity, but the qualitative capacity as well as. Introduction this research has a purpose of providing the methods to estimate the capacity of the mixed bed demineralizer working in. Since the exchange processes take place between ionic species chemical the. Environmental ion exchange principles and design fundamental. Once capacity is calculated in gl or ft 3, multiply that number by the number of liters or cubic feet of resin in the system to get system capacity.
Ion exchange capacity indicates the quantity of ions loaded to the resin. Ionexchange capacity an overview sciencedirect topics. Resin description of process ion exchangers are synthetic resins organic polymers. One important characteristic of ion exchange resin is its capacity, expressed.
How we can calculate resin quantity for cation and anion. Let our resin replacement calculator help you determine this point for your plant. In other words, the total capacity is the maximum theoretical quantity of ions that the resin. An ion exchange process is to be used to soften water at the rate of 500 gpm. Introduction this research has a purpose of providing the methods to estimate the capacity of the mixed bed demineralizer working in the nuclear power plants. Explained in an interactive way to watch more of the videos, subscribe to our channel. Anion exchange capacity an overview sciencedirect topics. The ion exchange capacity of a resin is a measurement of the ion amount that it is. A unit of wavelength of light equal to one tenth of a millimicron or one tenmillionth of a millimeter. Resintech mbd10 is intended for use in all mixed bed deionization applications that require high resistivity and high capacity. To determine this negative charge density, the claysize fraction of soil particles of diameter pdf file, which one can read and print but cant calculate by it. This negative charge is usually expressed in milliequivalents per 100 grams meq100 g of soil.
Resin capacity will vary depending upon the salt dose per cubic foot of resin and can be approximated from the following table. Dowex cation and anion exchange resins, used separately or in. Esterification of levulinic acid with butanol over ion exchange resins. Jun 18, 2019 salt dosage in poundslbsft 3 of resin. How to calculate resin capacity for softener softening plant. Estimation method for exchange capacity of mixed bed using. Enrichment of lithium isotope 6li by ion exchange resin with specific particle size. In this case, 100m3 to be softened at 400 ppm of feed hardness to 5 ppm. The salt dosage during regeneration determines the resin exchange capacity. An ionexchange resin or ionexchange polymer is a resin or polymer that acts as a medium for ion exchange. If i have a cation exchange membrane and need to remove 2 gl of sodium, how much resin would i need. Typically, a salt dosage of 15 lbsft 3 resin is used to provide an exchange capacity of 30,000. The process is similar to that of adsorption, but the medium is a synthetic resin of more welldefined ion exchange capacity. So if the residence time is sufficient equilibrium is reached then all you have to do is look at the resin exchange specifications eqkg or eqvolume.
The resin also has flow specifications lineair velo. Definitions total capacity the total capacity of a resin sample is the number of ion exchange sites. Resintech mbd10 is intended for use in all mixed bed deionization. The resin exchange capacity is mention into the products supplier data sheet. Capacity is important when sizing, configuring, or troubleshooting a. In addition to its ion exchange resins, resintech supplies activated carbon and inorganic.
Determination of anionexchange resin performance based on. Journal of radioanalytical and nuclear chemistry 2017, 312 1, 18. I think youll probably have to read a book about the design of. The bulk density as installed in a column includes a normal 3540 percent voids volume for a spherical product. This document pdf may be used for research, teaching and private study. The arsenic exchange and regeneration equations with common salt solution as regeneration agent are as follows. Ion exchange is a reversible chemical reaction where dissolved ions are removed from solution and replaced with other ions of the same or similar electrical charge. Faruk civan, in reservoir formation damage second edition, 2007. Calculate the capacity required to handle the tea content of the feed for the desired feed. Since dozens of factors can impact the productivity of the system, the cadix system design software program from dow offers precise design recommendations to optimize system performance. Consequently, the utilization of the resins exchange capacity is. For a type 2, gel, polystyrenic, anion resin the working capacity is determined by a. But this will not give me the correct mass since the resin is a polymer with that functional group attached. Determine the separation factor for an ion with respect to the other ions in the water.
How to calculate resin capacity for softener softening. The raw water has total hardness of 100 mgl as caco 3. Simply start by selecting a resin and entering a few key data from your plant. Live calculations, functions and calculation procedures on. Various exchange active groups, at which ions accumulate, are built into the exchangers. Example calculation to illustrate the equations used by the calculator. Standard test methods for physical and chemical properties.
It is assumed that the breakthrough capacity remains the same. Chemical degradation of ion exchange resins may be caused by fouling the resin pores by precipitates e. Each unit with a capacity of 120m3hour average breakthrough capacity of 2. The operating capacity for the resin will be specific to the test conditions, flow, challenge level, degree of regeneration, etc. How to calculate ion exchange capacity theoritically. Total capacity will be the same value regardless of the challenge ions because it represents the total of all exchange sites on the resin. Exchange column can be calculated according to the following formula. Not a chemical reactant in and of itself, ix resin is instead a physical medium that facilitates ion exchange reactions. The resin has an exchange capacity of 320 kilograins of caco 3 per ft when regenerated at the 3rate of 15 ib of salt per ft. The beads are typically porous, providing a large surface area on and inside them the trapping of. The resin itself is composed of organic polymers that form a. But i suspect that the design of an ion exchange resin and the calculation of its ion exchange capacity is partially empirical, and involves far more than can be covered in the paragraph length responses usually offered in forums of this type. The acrylic matrix ensures excellent removal of organic matter from.
Bulk densities in the range of 560960 gl 3560 lbft3 are typical for wet resinous products. If our challenge water is 16 gpg, we calculate the system capacity as 140,00016 8,750 gallons. Resin capacity should also be checked by sample analysis to confirm resin condition has in fact degraded prior to replacement. Information on properties of ionexchange resins is supplied to users in two. Smaller particles improve the kinetics of the ion exchanging reaction but cause increase of the water pressure drop and decrease of the flow rate.
Various exchangeactive groups, at which ions accumulate, are built into the exchangers. As the resin becomes exhausted, it needs to be regenerated 46, 50. Rohm and haas1 available on the internet as a pdffile, which one can read and print but cant calculate. Determine the equilibrium composition of the resin, thus calculating how much of the exchange capacity is used by the different ions. Before to calculate the capacity of the water softener softening plant, to choose how much water to be softened. The amount of hardness a softener can remove between regenerations is known as the softener capacity and can be expressed either in grains or in gallons. Common ion exchange resins are manufactured in form of polydispersed spherical beds with the size distributed within the range 0.
The regenerant levels and the feed water composition will then define the resin operating capacity. In the exchange process, the ions of the solution to be treated are exchanged with accumulated. Routine exchange capacity determinations of ion exchange. Calculate the concentrations of cations and anions expressed as caco3 in the. Ion exchange capacity the ion exchange capacity of a resin is a measurement of the ion amount that it is able to exchange under certain working conditions. How to calculate the cation exchange resin capacity.